Inflammation is the primary response to vessel wall injury caused by stent placement in coronary arteries. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 family are central regulators in immunoinflammatory mechanisms. The objective of this study was to test for association between IL-1 family gene polymorphisms and risk for restenosis after coronary stent placement. The IL-1B-511, IL-1F10.3, RN.4T>C, RN.6/1C>T, RN.6/2C>G, and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms were analyzed by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays and polymerase chain reaction in a group of 165 patients who underwent coronary artery stenting. Basal and procedure coronary angiography were analyzed in search of angiographic predictors of restenosis and follow-up angiography was analyzed in search of binary restenosis. Patients with IL-1B-511 TT genotype had a 1.89-fold increased risk of developing restenosis. The analysis considering the lesions treated demonstrated that the lesions of patients with IL-1B-511 TT genotype had a 3.44-fold increased risk of developing restenosis. When the analysis considered the type of stent, the risk of developing restenosis was increased in lesions of patients with TT genotype (odds ratio = 4.50) who underwent coronary bare-metal stent implantation. Multiple logistic analysis identified IL-1B-511 TT genotype as an independent predictor for restenosis. The results suggest that IL-1B-511 polymorphism could be involved in the risk of developing restenosis after coronary stent placement.