Background: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a protein related to angiogenesis and inflammation, has been correlated with the progression of a number of malignancies, but not with oral squamous cell carcinoma. In light of the known contribution to the development of oral cancer of other gene polymorphisms for proteins responsible for angiogenesis, inflammation and thrombosis, this study investigated whether the G801A polymorphism in the SDF-1 gene is associated with this malignancy.
Patients and methods: The G801A polymorphism was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in DNA samples from 159 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 101 matched healthy controls.
Results: The detected allele frequency of the "high production related" A allele in the control group was 25.3%. There was a slight decrease in allele frequency in patients (18.6%), but it was not statistically significant. The same pattern was observed in subgroups of patients in regard to smoking habits and family history of cancer or thrombosis. Interestingly, in comparison to controls, the A allele frequency was significantly lower in patients with advanced cancer stages III and IV (12.5%, p=0.005) and in patients with alcohol abuse (12.5%, p=0.02).
Conclusion: The G801A polymorphism of the SDF-1 gene is associated with advanced stages of oral cancer, especially in alcohol abusers.