Paternal smoking, genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and childhood leukemia risk

Leuk Res. 2009 Feb;33(2):250-8. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.06.031. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

Abstract

We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between paternal smoking and childhood leukemia and to evaluate potential modification by polymorphisms in CYP1A1. Histologically confirmed childhood leukemia cases (n=164) and non-cancer controls (n=164) were recruited from three teaching hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP1A1 (-17961T>C, -9893G>A, I462V, 1188C>T (*2A), and 11599C>G) were genotyped and haplotypes were estimated by the expectation-maximization method. We also conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies that have reported the association between paternal smoking and childhood leukemia risk. Paternal smoking at home was associated with all leukemias (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.8) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (2.0, 1.2-3.4). An increasing trend in risk was observed for pack-years smoked after birth (P(trend)=0.06 and 0.02, respectively) and the number of smokers in the home during the child's life (P(trend)=0.05 and 0.03, respectively). Among those without the CGACC haplotype, ALL risk was significantly increased by the father's smoking at home (2.8, 1.5-5.3) and the presence of at least one smoker in the home (2.3, 1.2-4.4), and the test for interaction was significant (P(interaction)=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). The meta-analysis showed that overall paternal smoking (1.13, 1.04-1.24) and smoking before the pregnancy of the child (1.12, 1.04-1.21) were significantly associated with childhood leukemia risk. Our results suggest that paternal smoking is a risk factor for childhood leukemia and the effect may be modified by CYP1A1 genotype.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / genetics*
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Fathers*
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Haplotypes
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Leukemia / etiology*
  • Male
  • Polymorphism, Genetic*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1