Genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are thought to have significant effects on folate metabolism and, thus, on cancer risk, but the reported results are not always consistent. In this meta-analysis including 2165 patients and 3279 controls, we assessed reported studies of associations between polymorphisms of MTHFR and susceptibility to gastric cancer in Chinese populations. An increased risk was found for MTHFR C677T in the meta-analysis [odds ratio (OR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-1.62]. No association resulted for MTHFR A1298C (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.78-1.17). Results from the subgroup analyses showed an increased risk for individuals with low (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.18-1.91) versus high (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.98-1.51) folate levels. The sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability and stability of this meta-analysis. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that folate plays a role in gastric carcinogenesis. Regarding cardia or noncardia gastric cancer, more studies are required for definite conclusions, as the number of studies is relatively small.