Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, such as escitalopram, are currently the treatment of choice for patients with panic disorder. The panic response to intravenous cholecystokinin tetrapeptide, a potentially useful paradigm for volunteer translational studies, has so far not been investigated in healthy man after respective pre-treatment. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, within subject cross-over design 30 healthy young men, 15 each with the long/long or short/short genotype for the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, were pre-treated with 10mg/d of escitalopram orally for six weeks and then challenged with 50 microg of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide. The primary outcome measure was the increase of Acute Panic Inventory ratings by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide. The increase of anxiety, tension and stress hormone secretion were secondary outcome measures. A significant treatment by genotype effect on the increases of Acute Panic Inventory ratings emerged. Panic induced by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide was significantly more pronounced in the short/short genotype subjects under escitalopram vs. placebo pre-treatment. With the exception of significantly elevated serum prolactin after escitalopram, no effects in the secondary outcome measures were detected. Contrary to our expectation, no inhibitory effect of escitalopram upon panic symptoms elicited by choleystokinin tetrapeptide could be demonstrated in healthy men. These findings do not support the potential usefulness of this panic model for proof-of-concept studies. The biological underpinnings of the increased panic symptoms after escitalopram in our volunteers with short/short genotype need further research.