The aim of our study was to analyze the relationships between atherosclerosis and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). Four-week-old C57BL/6J [wild-type (WT)] and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE) mice were fed with a standard or Western-type fat diet for 8 wks. ApoE showed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, higher blood pressure and vascular lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) protein content than WT. ApoE showed a significant increase in ECE-1 protein content and mRNA expression in aorta, lung, and kidney, without changes in heart. When an ECE-1 inhibitor, FR-901533, was administered to them, blood pressure decreased in apoE on fat diet versus apoE on normal diet and WT. ECE-1 and LOX-1 protein content were elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from hypercholesterolemic patients. In order to study the mechanism involved in this ECE-1 up-regulation, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were treated with oxidized-low density lipoproteins (oxLDL). OxLDL, but not LDL, increased ECE-1 protein content, mRNA expression and promoter activity. Our results demonstrate that ECE-1 increases in different atherosclerosis situations. Up-regulation of ECE-1 could contribute, at least partially, to the development of hypertension seen in apoE mice, because FR-901533 avoided it. Probably, atherosclerotic situations course with an increase of oxLDL, which is able to induce ECE-1 expression with the subsequent potential pathological effects.