We retrospectively analyzed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a prognostic marker to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and survival among breast cancer subtypes. We used immunohistochemical profiles to subtype the patients. EGFR expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. All patients received an anthracycline-based regimen preoperatively. Ninety-three patients also received docetaxel. Of the 117 patients tested, 28 (24%) were triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 73 (62%) were hormone receptor-positive (luminal) subtype. Among the TNBC patients, a significantly higher incidence of EGFR expression (50%) was observed (P=0.002), and EGFR expression was related to a less favorable response to chemotherapy (P=0.03) and poorer survival (P=0.17); in contrast, among the luminal subtype patients, positive EGFR expression was related to a favorable clinical response (P=0.06) and better survival (P=0.11). This retrospective analysis demonstrated that EGFR expression may represent an adverse prognostic marker in patients with TNBC and may provide a valuable tool for selecting appropriate treatment regimens for patients with TNBC.