Dystrophia myotonia: why focus on foci?

Eur J Hum Genet. 2009 May;17(5):543-53. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.227. Epub 2009 Jan 28.

Abstract

Dystrophia myotonia type 1 (DM1; Steinert's disease; myotonic dystrophy) is an autosomal dominant disorder due to a large CTG expansion in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Transcription of this gene yields a long CUGn-containing mutant (mut) RNA, in which clinical disease is associated with repeats of n=100-5000. Phenomenologically, the expression of mut RNA is correlated with the morphologic observation of ribonucleoprotein precipitates ('foci') in the nuclei of DMPK-expressing cells. The prevailing view is that the identification of proteins in these foci is the sine qua non of protein-mut RNA interactions. In this viewpoint, I contend that this is an unwarranted inference that falls short in explaining published data. A new model of mut RNA-protein interactions is proposed with distinct binding properties for soluble and insoluble (focus) mut RNA that accommodate these data without exclusions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CELF1 Protein
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutation*
  • Myotonic Dystrophy / genetics
  • Myotonic Dystrophy / metabolism
  • Myotonic Dystrophy / pathology*
  • Myotonin-Protein Kinase
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Trinucleotide Repeats / genetics

Substances

  • CELF1 Protein
  • CELF1 protein, human
  • DMPK protein, human
  • RNA, Messenger
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Myotonin-Protein Kinase
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases