Covariate-based dose individualization of the cytotoxic drug indisulam to reduce the risk of severe myelosuppression

J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2009 Feb;36(1):39-62. doi: 10.1007/s10928-009-9111-2. Epub 2009 Feb 7.

Abstract

Aim: Chemotherapy with indisulam causes myelosuppression. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of patient-related covariates on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to identify patients at risk for severe myelosuppression and to develop a dosing algorithm for treatment optimization.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of 412 patients were available. Non-linear mixed effects modeling was used to determine the relative risk of dose-limiting myelosuppression for various covariates (demographics, physical condition, prior treatment, comedication, CYP2C genotype and biochemistry).

Results: Body surface area (BSA), race and CYP2C genotype had a significant impact on indisulam elimination (P < 0.001). Low BSA, Japanese race, variant CYP2C genotype, low baseline neutrophil and thrombocyte counts and female sex were clinically relevant risk factors of dose-limiting myelosuppression (RR > 1.1). A dosing strategy was developed to optimize treatment for patient subgroups.

Conclusions: This study has identified covariates related to an increased risk of myelosuppression after indisulam therapy. Dose individualization may contribute to treatment optimization.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Algorithms*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Body Surface Area
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Computer Simulation
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / genetics
  • Cytotoxins / administration & dosage*
  • Cytotoxins / adverse effects*
  • Cytotoxins / pharmacokinetics
  • Female
  • Hematologic Diseases / chemically induced*
  • Hematologic Diseases / diagnosis
  • Hematologic Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Biological
  • Models, Statistical
  • Neutropenia / chemically induced
  • Neutropenia / diagnosis
  • Neutropenia / prevention & control
  • Racial Groups
  • Risk
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Sulfonamides / administration & dosage*
  • Sulfonamides / adverse effects*
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacokinetics
  • Thrombocytopenia / chemically induced
  • Thrombocytopenia / diagnosis
  • Thrombocytopenia / prevention & control
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Cytotoxins
  • N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide
  • Sulfonamides
  • cytochrome P-450 CYP2C subfamily
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System