Abstract
The present study aimed to delineate the actions of cigarette smoke extracts on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth in vitro. Both chloroform- and ethanol-extracts from cigarette smoke stimulated human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 cell proliferation. Chloroform- and ethanol-extracts also upregulated beta-adrenoceptors expression in EC109 cells. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was increased by chloroform-extract. The stimulatory actions of chloroform-extract on cell proliferation and COX-2 expression were abolished by beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor selective antagonists, implicating that COX-2 was downstream to the beta-adrenoceptors. Collectively, the promoting action of chloroform-extract from cigarette smoke on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell proliferation is beta-adrenoceptor- and COX-2-dependent.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / pharmacology
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Atenolol / pharmacology
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy*
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects*
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Chloroform / chemistry
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Esophageal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Esophageal Neoplasms / genetics
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Esophageal Neoplasms / metabolism
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Ethanol / chemistry
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
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Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / genetics
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Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / metabolism
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Humans
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Nicotiana / chemistry
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Nicotiana / toxicity*
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Propanolamines / pharmacology
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / drug effects*
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Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / genetics
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Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / metabolism
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Smoke / adverse effects*
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Smoke / analysis
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Sulfonamides / pharmacology
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
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Propanolamines
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
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Smoke
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Sulfonamides
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Ethanol
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ICI 118551
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Atenolol
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Chloroform
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases
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nimesulide