Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are used for advanced clear-cell renal carcinomas (cRCC), but without curative possibilities, underlining the need for new therapeutic targets. Adrenomedullin (AM), a multifunctional peptide, is highly expressed in several tumors and plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth through its receptors: calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 2 and 3 (CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3). In this study, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription-PCR showed AM mRNA levels were higher in cRCC and in chromophobe renal carcinomas (chRCC) than in normal renal tissue. Interestingly, AM mRNA expression in cRCC correlated strongly with VEGF-A mRNA expression. Immunohistochemically, AM, CLR and RAMP2 were localized in the carcinomatous epithelial compartment of cRCC. Interestingly, RAMP3 immunostaining was found only in the inflammatory cells that infiltrated tumors, suggesting a cross talk between tumor cells and the microenvironment. We also observed that cRCC cells BIZ and 786-O expressed and secreted AM into the culture medium. In vitro, exogenous AM treatment stimulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, indicating the cell can respond to AM. The action of AM was specific and was mediated by the CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3 receptors. Clinical data showed the prognostic value of AM. High AM mRNA levels were associated with an increased risk of relapse after curative nephrectomy for cRCC. These findings highlight the implication of the AM pathway in the metastatic process and the prognostic relevance of AM in cRCC and point to a potential new therapeutic target.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adrenomedullin / genetics*
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Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Blotting, Western
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Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein
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Carcinoma, Renal Cell / genetics*
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Carcinoma, Renal Cell / secondary
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Cell Adhesion
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Cell Movement
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Cell Proliferation
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology*
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Humans
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Immunoenzyme Techniques
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
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Kidney / metabolism
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Kidney / pathology
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Kidney Neoplasms / genetics*
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Kidney Neoplasms / pathology
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Male
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Membrane Proteins / genetics
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / genetics
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / metabolism
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
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Prognosis
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RNA, Messenger / genetics*
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins
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Receptors, Calcitonin / genetics
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Receptors, Calcitonin / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Survival Rate
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
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Young Adult
Substances
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CALCRL protein, human
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Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Membrane Proteins
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RAMP2 protein, human
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RAMP3 protein, human
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3
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Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins
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Receptors, Calcitonin
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VEGFA protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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Adrenomedullin