Purpose: The lumican gene (LUM) encodes a major extracellular component of the fibrous mammalian sclera. Alteration in the expression levels of extracellular matrix components may influence scleral shape, which in turn could affect visual acuity. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LUM gene were determined in an investigation of whether LUM gene polymorphisms correlate with high myopia.
Methods: Sequences spanning all three exons, intron-exon boundaries, and promoter regions were determined in 50 normal individuals. Five SNPs were identified, one of which was found to be a newly identified polymorphism. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood obtained from 201 patients with high myopia and 86 control subjects. Genotypes of the SNPs -1554 T/C (rs3759223), -628 A/-(rs17018757), -59 CC/-(rs3832846), c.601 T/C (rs17853500), and the novel SNP c.1567 C>T were determined by polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Of the five SNPs, one showed a significant difference between patients and control subjects (c.1567 C>T, P = 0.0016). Haplotype analysis revealed a significantly higher presence of polymorphisms in patients with myopia (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the c.1567 T polymorphism was determined to have lower reporter gene activity than that of c.1567 C.
Conclusions: These observations suggest that LUM gene polymorphisms contribute to the development of high myopia.