Tumor spectrum in children with Noonan syndrome and SOS1 or RAF1 mutations

Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2010 Mar;49(3):242-52. doi: 10.1002/gcc.20735.

Abstract

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, and RAF1. We performed SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 mutation analysis in a cohort of 102 PTPN11- and KRAS-negative NS patients and found pathogenic SOS1 mutations in 10, RAF1 mutations in 4, and BRAF mutations in 2 patients. Three novel SOS1 mutations were found. One was classified as a rare benign variant and the other remains unclassified. We confirm a high prevalence of pulmonic stenosis and ectodermal abnormalities in SOS1-positive patients. Three patients with SOS1 mutations presented with tumors (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Sertoli cell testis tumor, and granular cell tumors of the skin). One patient with a RAF1 mutation had a lesion suggestive for a giant cell tumor. This is the first report describing different tumor types in NS patients with germ line SOS1 mutations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • DNA Mutational Analysis / methods
  • Exons
  • Gene Duplication
  • Humans
  • Leukocytes / physiology
  • MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / genetics
  • MAP Kinase Kinase 2 / genetics
  • Mutation*
  • Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Noonan Syndrome / complications
  • Noonan Syndrome / genetics*
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / genetics*
  • SOS1 Protein / genetics*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • SOS1 Protein
  • MAP2K2 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
  • MAP Kinase Kinase 1
  • MAP Kinase Kinase 2
  • MAP2K1 protein, human