Reduced cell death, invasive and angiogenic features conferred by BRCA1-deficiency in mammary epithelial cells transformed with H-Ras

Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Dec;8(24):2417-44. doi: 10.4161/cbt.8.24.10850. Epub 2009 Dec 14.

Abstract

To investigate the role of tumor suppressors BRCA1 and p53 proteins in human breast tumorigenesis, we transformed immortalized human mammary epithelial cells, MCF10A, with or without BRCA1/p53 gene-specific knockdowns. Stable knockdown of BRCA1 alone in MCF10A cells led to centrosome amplification, impaired p53 protein stability, increased sensitivity towards DNA-damaging agents, defective chromosomal condensation at mitosis and elevated protein levels of cyclin D1 and c-myc. While over-expression of mutant H-Ras transformed MCF10A cells, depletion of BRCA1 dramatically enhanced the in vivo tumorigenesis that was associated with higher levels of VEGF, enhanced vascularization and less apoptosis in the BRCA1-deficient Ras-transformed tumors. The Ras-transformed BRCA1-deficient tumors exhibited features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, appeared to secrete matrix metalloproteases as visualized by in vivo bio-imaging of tumors using fluorescent probe MMP680, and were locally metastatic to lymph nodes. Our results suggest that loss of BRCA1 function may contribute to the aggressiveness of Ras-MAPK driven human breast cancer with associated increase in levels of cyclin D1 and c-myc, enhanced MAPK activity, angiogenic potential & invasiveness. This mammary xenograft tumor model may be useful as a tool to understand human breast tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as to test candidate therapeutics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • BRCA1 Protein / genetics*
  • BRCA1 Protein / physiology
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Cell Death
  • Cell Line, Transformed
  • Epithelial Cells / cytology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Humans
  • Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / pathology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • ras Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • BRCA1 Protein
  • BRCA1 protein, human
  • TP53 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • ras Proteins