Study is devoted to "genes for mitochondria"--genes of mitochondrial genome and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma gene (POLG1). We compared frequencies of polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA and in POLG1 between healthy individuals and patients with arterial hypertension, as well as between patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy. We did not discover significant differences of distribution of C allele of MspI-polymorphism in POLG1 in studied group. We have shown higher prevalence of mitochondrial haplogroup H of mtDNA in patients without left ventricle hypertrophy (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.17-0.98; p = 0.043), while compared with patients having this complication. Haplogroup T was more frequently detected in patients with left ventricle hypertrophy (OR = 6.16; 95% CI 1.17-9.74; p = 0.018). This result suggest implication of mitochondrial DNA in hypertension-induced left venticular hypertrophy.