Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is involved in inflammatory and immunological responses, plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in IL-1β gene are thought to influence breast cancer risk. The results of the association between IL-1β polymorphisms and breast cancer remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of eight case-control studies with rs1143627 (T > C), rs16944 (C > T), and rs1143634 (C > T). We found that the variant CC genotype of rs1143627 was associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10-1.70, P = 0.22 for heterogeneity; the recessive model CC vs. TT/TC: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17-1.67, P = 0.49 for heterogeneity). For rs16944 (C > T) and rs1143634 (C > T), no significant associations were found in all genetic models. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that rs1143627 is associated with breast cancer risk.