Although the mechanisms regulating pituitary tumor development and progression are still unclear, new information on the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumors have accumulated. Recent evidence suggests that galectin-3 plays an important role in pituitary tumorigenesis and in tumor progression. Galectin-3 is expressed in a variety of tumors and the intensity of expression and localization depend on tumor progression, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Galectin-3 expression has been used as a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in a variety of neoplasms. This review summarizes existing information regarding the structural and functional properties of galectin-3 protein as well as the LGALS3 gene in pituitary tumorigenesis. Given its role in pituitary tumor cell proliferation and in apoptosis, galectin-3 may be a target for the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors.
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