Genome-wide analysis of estrogen receptor alpha DNA binding and tethering mechanisms identifies Runx1 as a novel tethering factor in receptor-mediated transcriptional activation

Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Aug;30(16):3943-55. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00118-10. Epub 2010 Jun 14.

Abstract

Nuclear receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) controls the expression of hundreds of genes responsible for target cell phenotypic properties, but the relative importance of direct versus tethering mechanisms of DNA binding has not been established. In this first report, we examine the genome-wide chromatin localization of an altered-specificity mutant ER with a DNA binding domain deficient in binding to estrogen response element (ERE)-containing DNA (DBDmut ER) versus wild-type ER alpha. Using high-throughput sequencing of ER chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP-Seq) and mRNA transcriptional profiling, we show that direct ERE binding is required for most of (75%) estrogen-dependent gene regulation and 90% of hormone-dependent recruitment of ER to genomic binding sites. De novo motif analysis of the chromatin binding regions in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells defined unique transcription factor profiles responsible for genes regulated through tethering versus direct ERE binding, with Runx motifs enriched in ER-tethered sites. We confirmed a role for Runx1 in mediating ER alpha genomic recruitment and regulation of tethering genes. Our findings delineate the contributions of direct receptor ERE binding versus binding through response elements for other transcription factors in chromatin localization and ER-dependent gene regulation, paradigms likely to underlie the gene regulatory actions of other nuclear receptors as well.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Base Sequence
  • Binding Sites / genetics
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / metabolism*
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA / metabolism*
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • DNA, Neoplasm / genetics
  • DNA, Neoplasm / metabolism
  • Estradiol / pharmacology
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / chemistry
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / genetics*
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism*
  • Female
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Humans
  • Mutant Proteins / chemistry
  • Mutant Proteins / genetics
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Point Mutation
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / chemistry
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
  • DNA Primers
  • DNA, Neoplasm
  • ERGIC2 protein, human
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha
  • Mutant Proteins
  • RUNX1 protein, human
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins
  • Estradiol
  • DNA