betaARKct: a therapeutic approach for improved adrenergic signaling and function in heart disease

J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Oct;3(5):499-506. doi: 10.1007/s12265-010-9206-6. Epub 2010 Jul 10.

Abstract

One of the most powerful regulators of cardiovascular function is catecholamine-stimulated adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling. The failing heart is characterized by desensitization and impaired beta-AR responsiveness as a result of upregulated G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) present in injured myocardium. Deterioration of cardiac function is progressively enhanced by chronic adrenergic over-stimulation due to increased levels of circulating catecholamines. Increased GRK2 activity contributes to this pathological cycle of over-stimulation but lowered responsiveness. Over the past two decades the GRK2 inhibitory peptide betaARKct has been identified as a potential therapy that is able to break this vicious cycle of self-perpetuating deregulation of the beta-AR system and subsequent myocardial malfunction, thus halting development of cardiac failure. The betaARKct has been shown to interfere with GRK2 binding to the betagamma subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein, therefore inhibiting its recruitment to the plasma membrane that normally leads to phosphorylation and internalization of the receptor. In this article we summarize the current data on the therapeutic effects of betaARKct in cardiovascular disease and report on recent and ongoing studies that may pave the way for this peptide towards therapeutic application in heart failure and other states of cardiovascular disease.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cardiovascular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / genetics
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / metabolism
  • Genetic Therapy
  • Heart Diseases / genetics
  • Heart Diseases / metabolism
  • Heart Diseases / physiopathology
  • Heart Diseases / therapy*
  • Heart-Assist Devices
  • Humans
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • Peptides / therapeutic use*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / metabolism*
  • Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*
  • Signal Transduction / genetics
  • Translational Research, Biomedical

Substances

  • Cardiovascular Agents
  • Peptides
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • beta-adrenergic receptor kinase inhibitory peptide
  • GRK2 protein, human
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2