Molecular mechanisms of the antimetastatic activity of nuclear clusterin in prostate cancer cells

Int J Oncol. 2011 Jul;39(1):225-34. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1030. Epub 2011 May 3.

Abstract

The proapoptotic activity of nuclear clusterin (nCLU) in cancer cells is now well established. We previously showed that nCLU decreases the motility of prostate cancer cells by triggering a dramatic dismantling of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we sought to unravel the molecular mechanisms of the antimetastatic activity of nCLU. We found that nCLU: i) decreases LIMK1 expression, thus increasing the levels of the active (unphosphorylated) form of cofilin, the well known actin depolymerizing factor; ii) binds to vimentin, sequestering the protein from its adhesion sites at the cell periphery, thus interfering with its role in cell motility and adhesion; iii) affects the intracellular distribution of E-cadherin (the major component of epithelial adherens junctions) which appears to be diffusely distributed in the cells. Through these mechanisms nCLU reduces the migratory/invasive behavior of PC3 cells; this effect is further demonstrated by a decreased secretion of active MMP-2 from the cells. Thus, in addition to its proapoptotic function, nCLU also exerts a strong anti-migratory/anti-invasive activity in prostate cancer cells, by interfering with the cytoskeletal components and by decreasing MMP-2 activity.

MeSH terms

  • Actin Depolymerizing Factors / metabolism
  • Cadherins / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
  • Clusterin / genetics
  • Clusterin / metabolism*
  • Cytoskeleton / pathology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Lim Kinases / metabolism
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
  • Microtubules / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / physiopathology*
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Transport
  • Transfection
  • Vimentin / metabolism

Substances

  • Actin Depolymerizing Factors
  • Cadherins
  • Clusterin
  • Vimentin
  • LIMK1 protein, human
  • Lim Kinases
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2