Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder associated with infertility. However, treatment options remain limited at present. Since the pathogenesis involves immune responses, the immunomodulatory effect of macrolide on endometriosis has been the focus of much research. A previous study showed that clarithromycin decreased stromal proliferation and promoted apoptosis of fibroblasts in an endometriosis model in rats; however, the mechanism of the effect remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of clarithromycin, one of the major macrolides, and telithromycin, one of the antibiotics belonging to a macrolide group (ketolide), on IL6, IL10 and Ccl2 expression in a rat endometriosis model induced by the surgical transplantation of endometrium onto the peritoneum in 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. After autotransplantation, the rats were given daily administration of clarithromycin (16 mg/kg/day or telithromycin (12 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. The induced lesions were examined 4 days after autotransplantation. After treatment, IL10 expression in the lesions was increased in rats treated with clarithromycin (1.70-fold) and telithromycin (2.88-fold). The drugs attenuated proliferative stromal lesion of the endometriosis model. The results showed that in the endometriosis model, the drugs enhanced expression of IL10, which may play a role in inhibiting excess inflammatory reaction with its therapeutic effect on the lesion. Macrolide and ketolide therapy may have significant value for the treatment of human endometriosis.
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