Role of prophylactic thyroidectomy in RET 790 familial medullary thyroid carcinoma

Head Neck. 2012 Apr;34(4):493-8. doi: 10.1002/hed.21763. Epub 2011 Jun 17.

Abstract

Background: We describe a family harboring RET 790 mutation and review the role of prophylactic thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: We evaluated in detail both clinical and biological follow-up and reviewed literature reports.

Results: Among 86 family members, 15 of 22 members screened harbored the 790 mutation. Abnormal calcitonin levels were found in 8/15. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection cured the 5 operated patients (range, 45-76 years). Tumor staging was pT1N0M0. Among 10 carriers who did not undergo surgery, 3 patients had abnormal calcitonin levels. For the others, calcitonin levels remained <30 pg/mL. Two asymptomatic carriers were older than 70 years. Four subjects were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions: In RET codon 790 mutations families, a case-by-case decision instead of systematic prophylactic thyroidectomy should be discussed. Difficulties of follow-up should be taken into account and represent the main challenge.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Medullary / congenital
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Genetic Testing / methods
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a
  • Mutation
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / genetics
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / prevention & control*
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / surgery
  • Pedigree
  • Primary Prevention / methods*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / genetics*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Sampling Studies
  • Sex Factors
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / prevention & control*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery
  • Thyroidectomy / methods*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret

Supplementary concepts

  • Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma