Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a complex illness, characterized by cartilage degeneration, secondary synovial membrane inflammation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Previous studies have shown β1,4-galactosylransferase-I (β1,4-GalT-I) to be a key inflammatory mediator that participates in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory reaction in diseases. In the present study, we investigated the expression and possible biological function of β1,4-GalT-I in the cartilage and synovial tissue of OA patients. Cartilage and synovial tissue samples from OA patients and healthy controls were stained for β1,4-GalT-I. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to observe the expression of β1,4-GalT-I, and western blot was carried out for E-selectin. The interaction between β1,4-GalT-I and E-selectin was analyzed by double labeling immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation. The expression of β1,4-GalT-I increased in the cartilage and synovial tissue of OA patients compared with healthy controls. E-selectin was overexpressed and was correlated with β1,4-GalT-I in OA cartilage and synovial tissue. These data suggest that β1,4-GalT-I may play an important role in the inflammatory processes in cartilage and synovial tissue of patients with OA.