Rationale: Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and endothelial dysfunction. CRP antagonizes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through processes mediated by the IgG receptor Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB), its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, and SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1. In mice, CRP actions on eNOS blunt carotid artery re-endothelialization.
Objective: How CRP activates FcγRIIB in endothelium is not known. We determined the role of Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI) and the basis for coupling of FcγRI to FcγRIIB in endothelium.
Methods and results: In cultured endothelial cells, FcγRI-blocking antibodies prevented CRP antagonism of eNOS, and CRP activated Src via FcγRI. CRP-induced increases in FcγRIIB immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif phosphorylation and SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1 activation were Src-dependent, and Src inhibition prevented eNOS antagonism by CRP. Similar processes mediated eNOS antagonism by aggregated IgG used to mimic immune complex. Carotid artery re-endothelialization was evaluated in offspring from crosses of CRP transgenic mice (TG-CRP) with either mice lacking the γ subunit of FcγRI (FcRγ(-/-)) or FcγRIIB(-/-) mice. Whereas re-endothelialization was impaired in TG-CRP vs wild-type, it was normal in both FcRγ(-/-); TG-CRP and FcγRIIB(-/-); TG-CRP mice.
Conclusions: CRP antagonism of eNOS is mediated by the coupling of FcγRI to FcγRIIB by Src kinase and resulting activation of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1, and consistent with this mechanism, both FcγRI and FcγRIIB are required for CRP to blunt endothelial repair in vivo. Similar mechanisms underlie eNOS antagonism by immune complex. FcγRI and FcγRIIB may be novel therapeutic targets for preventing endothelial dysfunction in inflammatory or immune complex-mediated conditions.