Extending the phenotypic spectrum of keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome: report of a patient with GJB2 (G12R) Connexin 26 mutation and unusual clinical findings

Pediatr Dermatol. 2012 May-Jun;29(3):349-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01425.x. Epub 2011 Oct 20.

Abstract

Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia, characterized mainly by the presence of hyperkeratotic skin lesions, neurosensory hearing loss, and vascularizing keratitis. Most mutations that have been discovered as a cause of KID syndrome are autosomal dominant, found in exon 2 of the Connexin (Cx) 26 gene. A G12R (p.Gly12Arg) is a GJB2 mutation reported in only two patients with KID syndrome to date. This article describes a patient with the G12R mutation and KID syndrome with interesting additional features, which include a porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus, follicular occlusion triad, and unusual persistent oral mucosal papules. We compare this patient's phenotype with the only two other patients described with the same (G12R) mutation. The phenotypic heterogeneity of KID syndrome, inexplicable according to our current understanding of these proteins, speaks to the complexity of the connexin system and its overlapping expression patterns in different tissues.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Connexin 26
  • Connexins / genetics*
  • Dapsone / therapeutic use
  • Deafness / drug therapy
  • Deafness / genetics*
  • Deafness / pathology
  • Dermatologic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Ichthyosis / drug therapy
  • Ichthyosis / genetics*
  • Ichthyosis / pathology
  • Keratitis / drug therapy
  • Keratitis / genetics*
  • Keratitis / pathology
  • Minocycline / therapeutic use
  • Mouth Mucosa / drug effects
  • Mouth Mucosa / pathology
  • Mutation*
  • Nevus / drug therapy
  • Nevus / genetics
  • Nevus / pathology
  • Skin Diseases, Bacterial / drug therapy
  • Skin Diseases, Bacterial / genetics
  • Skin Diseases, Bacterial / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Skin Neoplasms / genetics
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Spironolactone / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Connexins
  • Dermatologic Agents
  • GJB2 protein, human
  • Connexin 26
  • Spironolactone
  • Dapsone
  • Minocycline

Supplementary concepts

  • Keratitis, Ichthyosis, and Deafness (KID) Syndrome