Various studies have indicated that chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and other glomerular diseases. Moreover, patients with primary GN display aberrant galactosylation of the O-linked carbohydrate moieties of IgA. Therefore, we analysed the distribution of the functional MCP-1 -2518 A > G (rs 1024611) and 1 beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) 1365 A > G (rs1047763) polymorphic variants in patients with primary GN (n = 144) and controls (n = 437) in a sample of the Polish population. We did not find a significant difference in the prevalence of the MCP-1 -2518 A > G and C1GalT1 1365 A > G polymorphisms in patients with primary GN and healthy individuals. Odds Ratio (OR) for GN patients with the MCP-1 -2518 GG genotype was 0.869 (95% CI = 0.410-1.840, P = 0.7130), and OR of the -2518 GG and -2518AG genotypes was 1.004 (95% CI = 0.689-1.464, P = 0.9836). OR for C1GalT1 1365AA genotype was 0.484 (95% CI = 0.181-1.293, P = 0.1402) and OR of the 1365AA and 1365AG genotypes was 0.839 (95% CI = 0.573-1.228, P = 0.3651). We also did not observe a difference in the distribution of alleles between patients and controls. The MCP-1 -2518 G allelic OR was 0.976 (95% CI = 0.725-1.314, P = 0.8744). The OR for the C1GalT1 1365A allele was 0.816 (95% CI = 0.596-1.118, P = 0.205). Moreover, there was no significant association between the MCP-1 -2518 A > G and C1GalT1 1365 A > G genotypes with different morphological types of primary GN or clinical manifestations. Our observations indicate that the MCP-1 -2518 A > G and C1GalT1 1365 A > G polymorphisms might not be a risk factor in the incidence of primary GN in the Polish population.