Inflammation plays an essential role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and plaque disruption. The TGF-β1 plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms as susceptibility markers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Two polymorphisms (TGF-β -509T>C and TGF-β T29C) of the TGF-β gene were analyzed by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 426 patients with coronary acute syndrome and 551 healthy unrelated controls. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of TGF-β T29C polymorphism between ACS patients and healthy controls (P<10(-3)). According to the co-dominant model, individuals with the TGF-β 29 TT genotype have a 2.5-fold increased risk of developing ACS (P<10(-3)). Multiple logistic analysis showed that the largest risk factor for developing ACS was given by smoking habit, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the TGF-β1 29 TT genotype. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium showed one haplotype (TT) with increased frequency and one haplotype (CC) with decreased frequency in ACS patients when compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that TGF-β1 T29C gene polymorphism could be involved in the risk of developing ACS in Mexican individuals.
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