Skin-targeted inhibition of PPAR β/δ by selective antagonists to treat PPAR β/δ-mediated psoriasis-like skin disease in vivo

PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037097. Epub 2012 May 14.

Abstract

We have previously shown that peroxisome proliferator activating receptor ß/δ (PPAR β/δ is overexpressed in psoriasis. PPAR β/δ is not present in adult epidermis of mice. Targeted expression of PPAR β/δ and activation by a selective synthetic agonist is sufficient to induce an inflammatory skin disease resembling psoriasis. Several signalling pathways dysregulated in psoriasis are replicated in this model, suggesting that PPAR β/δ activation contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis. Thus, inhibition of PPAR β/δ might harbour therapeutical potential. Since PPAR β/δ has pleiotropic functions in metabolism, skin-targeted inhibition offer the potential of reducing systemic adverse effects. Here, we report that three selective PPAR β/δ antagonists, GSK0660, compound 3 h, and GSK3787 can be formulated for topical application to the skin and that their skin concentration can be accurately quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry. These antagonists show efficacy in our transgenic mouse model in reducing psoriasis-like changes triggered by activation of PPAR β/δ. PPAR β/δ antagonists GSK0660 and compound 3 do not exhibit systemic drug accumulation after prolonged application to the skin, nor do they induce inflammatory or irritant changes. Significantly, the irreversible PPAR β/δ antagonist (GSK3787) retains efficacy when applied topically only three times per week which could be of practical clinical usefulness. Our data suggest that topical inhibition of PPAR β/δ to treat psoriasis may warrant further exploration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Topical
  • Animals
  • Benzamides / administration & dosage
  • Benzamides / pharmacokinetics
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Ointments
  • PPAR gamma / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • PPAR gamma / genetics
  • PPAR gamma / metabolism
  • PPAR-beta / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • PPAR-beta / genetics
  • PPAR-beta / metabolism
  • Psoriasis / drug therapy*
  • Psoriasis / genetics
  • Psoriasis / metabolism
  • Psoriasis / pathology
  • Recombinant Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Skin / drug effects
  • Skin / metabolism
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Absorption
  • Sulfones / administration & dosage
  • Sulfones / pharmacokinetics
  • Thiophenes / administration & dosage
  • Thiophenes / pharmacokinetics

Substances

  • 4-chloro-N-(2-((5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)benzamide
  • Benzamides
  • GSK0660
  • Ointments
  • PPAR gamma
  • PPAR-beta
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Sulfones
  • Thiophenes