Genetic variations in glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene have been suggested to be involved in the development of cancer. However, the results from the studies regarding the association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the Chinese population have been inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association. Published literature from PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Wanfang Data, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for eligible publications. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effect model. Ten studies (1,506 cases/1,714 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was marginally associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese Han population under a multiplicative model (G vs. A, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95 % confidence interval = 1.02-1.46), under a homogeneous codominant model (GG vs. AA, OR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.14-2.45), under a heterogeneous codominant model (GA vs. AA, OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.98-1.35), under a dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA, OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.39), and under a recessive model (GG vs. GA + AA, OR = 1.59, 95 % CI = 1.09-2.31), respectively. Moreover, after adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status, the significant association under dominant model remained (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.07-1.51). This meta-analysis suggested that there might be an association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and lung cancer in the Chinese Han population.