Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is diagnosed based on visualization of a full or bulging tympanic membrane with middle ear effusion. The distribution of bacteria causing AOM in North America under the influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and antibiotic selection pressure has resulted in a predominance of β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae followed by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although guidelines continue to endorse amoxicillin as the preferred treatment, amoxicillin/clavulanate in high dosage would be the preferred treatment based on the otopathogen mix currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis has fallen into disfavor as a preventative strategy for AOM recurrences.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Age Factors
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Amoxicillin / administration & dosage
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Amoxicillin / therapeutic use*
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Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / therapeutic use
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
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Bacterial Infections / complications
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Bacterial Infections / diagnosis*
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Bacterial Infections / drug therapy*
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Bacterial Infections / microbiology
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Cefdinir
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Cefpodoxime Proxetil
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Ceftizoxime / analogs & derivatives
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Ceftizoxime / therapeutic use
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Cefuroxime / therapeutic use
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Cephalosporins / therapeutic use
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Haemophilus influenzae / isolation & purification
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Humans
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Infant
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Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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Moraxella catarrhalis / isolation & purification
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Otitis Media / complications
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Otitis Media / diagnosis*
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Otitis Media / drug therapy*
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Otitis Media / microbiology
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Otitis Media with Effusion / diagnosis
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Otitis Media with Effusion / drug therapy
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Otoscopy
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Streptococcus pneumoniae / isolation & purification
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Time Factors
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Tympanic Membrane* / pathology
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Tympanic Membrane* / physiopathology
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Cephalosporins
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Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination
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Amoxicillin
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Ceftizoxime
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Cefdinir
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Cefuroxime