Aims: Nucleolin plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury.
Methods and results: We investigated the expression pattern of nucleolin in hearts subjected to I-R, or neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia-re-oxygenation. We found that nucleolin expression was significantly down-regulated and the cleaved protein was present, both in vivo and in vitro. Gene transfection and RNA interference approaches were employed in cardiomyocytes to investigate the function of nucleolin. Over-expression of nucleolin was cytoprotective, whereas nucleolin ablation enhanced both hypoxia- and H₂O₂-induced cardiomyocyte death. Furthermore, transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of nucleolin were resistant to I-R injury as indicated by decreased cellular necrosis and decreased infarct size. The cardio-protective roles of nucleolin in cardiomyocytes, are attributable to the interaction of nucleolin with the mRNA of heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), resulting in an increase of Hsp32 mRNA stability, and subsequent up-regulation of Hsp32 expression. The selective Hsp32 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX, abrograted the cardiac protection mediated by nucleolin.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that nucleolin is involved in the regulation of I-R-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction via the regulation of Hsp32, and may be a novel therapeutic target for ischaemic heart diseases.
Keywords: Cardioprotection; Hsp32; Ischaemia–reperfusion injury; Nucleolin; mRNA stability.