Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. We sought out to summarize the current state of molecular predictors for response and toxicity in locally advanced lung cancer. Several changes have been introduced in recent years in the standard-of-care treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer based on the identification of specific molecular alterations that determine response probability to certain therapies. Eligibility for these treatments is assessed by a biomarker test, evaluating if the molecular alteration is present or not in a patient's tumor. In particular, tissue testing for epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase alterations is currently recommended for certain patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, whereas excision repair cross-complementation group 1 and ribonucleotide reductase 1 as markers for outcome after platinum and gemcitabine therapy are promising but are currently not recommended outside a clinical trial. However, their application to the therapy of locally advanced disease is still mostly investigational. Moreover, additional candidate markers for response and toxicity for locally advanced lung cancer are under further investigation.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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Biomarkers, Tumor / antagonists & inhibitors
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics*
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Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / drug therapy*
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / genetics
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / pathology
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DNA Repair
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ErbB Receptors / antagonists & inhibitors
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ErbB Receptors / genetics*
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ErbB Receptors / metabolism
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Exanthema / chemically induced
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Humans
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Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Lung Neoplasms / genetics
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Lung Neoplasms / pathology
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Molecular Targeted Therapy
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Mutation
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Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / antagonists & inhibitors
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Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / metabolism
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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ras Proteins / genetics
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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EML4-ALK fusion protein, human
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KRAS protein, human
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Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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EGFR protein, human
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ErbB Receptors
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BRAF protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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ras Proteins