Abstract
Obesity is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases caused by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is initially observed in obese adipose tissue. In addition, many etiological studies in humans have shown a strong correlation between obesity and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the involvement of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), a macrophage-derived blood protein, in both types of immune response. Through differential mechanisms, AIM thereby plays key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases, and obesity-associated autoimmune diseases. Thus, the regulation of blood AIM levels or AIM function has the potential to serve as a next-generation therapy against these inflammatory diseases brought about by modern lifestyle.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adipocytes / metabolism
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Adipose Tissue / metabolism
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Animals
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Autoantibodies / immunology
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Autoimmunity
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B-Lymphocytes / immunology
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B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Disease Susceptibility / immunology
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin M / immunology
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Immunoglobulin M / metabolism
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Inflammation / etiology*
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Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / blood
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Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / genetics
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Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / metabolism*
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Insulin Resistance
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Lipolysis / genetics
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Macrophages / immunology
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Macrophages / metabolism*
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Metabolic Syndrome / genetics
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Metabolic Syndrome / immunology
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Metabolic Syndrome / metabolism
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Mice
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Mice, Knockout
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Obesity / complications*
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Obesity / genetics
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Obesity / immunology
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Obesity / metabolism*
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PPAR gamma / metabolism
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Receptors, Fc / metabolism
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Spleen / immunology
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Spleen / metabolism
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism
Substances
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Autoantibodies
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Immunoglobulin M
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Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
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PPAR gamma
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Receptors, Fc
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Toll-Like Receptor 4