Presentation of untreated systemic mastocytosis as recurrent, pulseless-electrical-activity cardiac arrests resistant to cardiac pacemaker

Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2014;163(2):130-4. doi: 10.1159/000356487. Epub 2013 Dec 4.

Abstract

Recurrent, pulseless-electrical-activity (PEA) cardiac arrests were the novel presentation of untreated systemic mastocytosis in an 85-year-old woman who lacked cutaneous findings of mastocytosis. Despite prior implantation of a dual-chamber cardiac pacemaker 3 weeks previously for similar spells, she experienced a PEA arrest accompanied by flushing, increased urinary N-methylhistamine excretion and serum tryptase values on the day of presentation to our clinic. Bone marrow biopsy findings conducted to rule out breast cancer metastases showed 30% mast cell infiltration, aberrant expression of CD25 and a positive c-kit Asp816Val mutation. Treatment with a combination of H1 and H2 receptor blockers reduced flushing and eliminated hypotension. Maintenance medication included aspirin, cetirizine, ranitidine, montelukast, oral cromolyn sodium and an epinephrine autoinjector (as needed). At 6-month follow-up, the patient remained free of PEA arrests, flushing, or any clinical signs of mastocytosis or mast cell degranulation. PEA cardiac arrests may therefore be a presenting sign of untreated systemic mastocytosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acetates / administration & dosage
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aspirin / administration & dosage
  • Cromolyn Sodium / administration & dosage
  • Cyclopropanes
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac / etiology*
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac / prevention & control
  • Drug Therapy, Combination / methods*
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Heart Rate
  • Histamine / metabolism*
  • Histamine H1 Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Histamine H2 Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / metabolism
  • Mast Cells / pathology*
  • Mastocytosis, Systemic / complications
  • Mastocytosis, Systemic / diagnosis*
  • Mastocytosis, Systemic / therapy
  • Methylhistamines / metabolism
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Pacemaker, Artificial / statistics & numerical data
  • Quinolines / administration & dosage
  • Recurrence
  • Stem Cell Factor / genetics
  • Sulfides
  • Tryptases / blood

Substances

  • Acetates
  • Cyclopropanes
  • Histamine H1 Antagonists
  • Histamine H2 Antagonists
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
  • Methylhistamines
  • Quinolines
  • Stem Cell Factor
  • Sulfides
  • Histamine
  • Tryptases
  • montelukast
  • Cromolyn Sodium
  • Aspirin
  • N-methylhistamine