Repair of radiation damage of U2OS osteosarcoma cells is related to DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) activity

Mol Cell Biochem. 2014 May;390(1-2):51-9. doi: 10.1007/s11010-013-1955-5. Epub 2014 Jan 5.

Abstract

The present study was to investigate the effects of DNA-PKcs deficiencies on radiation sensitivity of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to γ-ray and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. In vitro, U2OS cells were transfected with different DNA-PKcs siRNAs or control siRNAs to establish stably siRNA-transfected cell lines U2OS-Si and U2OS-Sc, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis after irradiation were analyzed using cell counting kit (CCK-8) and flow cytometric assay, respectively. Expressions of apoptosis-related and oxidative stress-responded proteins were assessed using Western blot. The tumorigenesis activity was examined in nude mice xenograft osteosarcoma mode. Results showed that DNA-PKcs siRNA significantly could inhibit U2OS viability and cell proliferation after exposure to irradiation. Compared with the U2OS and U2OS-Sc cells, the U2OS-Si cells induced higher apoptosis rate and loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials, accompanying with more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by irradiation. Protein levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were downregulated most obviously in U2OS-Si cells after irradiation, while pro-apoptotic factor Bax and caspase-3 upregulated. Moreover, the antioxidants protein expression levels of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also significantly reduced in parallel to DNA-PKcs inhibition in U2OS-Si cells. In nude mice xenograft model, DNA-PKcs siRNA remarkably inhibited tumor growth and dissemination. In conclusion, DNA-PKcs siRNA might have a potential for osteosarcoma treatment by sensitizing osteosarcoma cells to γ-ray through modulation on oxidative stress-mediated DNA DSBs repair and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / radiation effects
  • Catalytic Domain / genetics*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival / radiation effects
  • DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / radiation effects
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / biosynthesis
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Osteosarcoma / genetics*
  • Osteosarcoma / metabolism
  • Osteosarcoma / radiotherapy
  • Protein Kinases / genetics*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • Radiation Tolerance / radiation effects
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Protein Kinases
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase