Aim: To assess the clinical and molecular-genetic aspects in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Material and methods: This case-control study was conducted in the interval 2007-2011 and included 405 patients with acute coronary episodes admitted to the Chisinau "Sfanta Treime" Municipal Hospital and Institute of Cardiology. Polymorphism of candidate genes angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptors (PlA1/PlA2) were identified by amplified fragment length (AFLP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of D risk alleles in coronary patients compared with controls (78.65% vs. 61.24%, p < 0.05). The distribution of angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism in the group of patients with IHD was: AA genotype--72 (25.74%), CC genotype--47 (16.78%), CA genotype--161 (59.28%) patients.
Conclusions: GPIIb/IIIa A2A2 gene haplotype is associated with susceptibility to IHD and increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, particularly in smokers. The carrier state of DD genotype and D allele of ACE gene can be used as markers of increased risk for IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) and is associated with increased blood pressure.