Aims: To explore the clinical features of methamphetamine-induced paranoia (MIP) and associations between MIP and a genetic polymorphism in dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH-1021C→T).
Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical presentation and genetic association by χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis.
Setting: A Thai substance abuse treatment center.
Participants: A total of 727 methamphetamine-dependent (MD) individuals.
Measurements: Clinical: Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) and the Methamphetamine Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). Genetic: DBH-1021C→T.
Findings: Forty per cent of individuals (289 of 727; 39.8%) with MD had MIP. Within-binge latency to MIP onset occurred more rapidly in the most recent compared with initial MIP episode (P = 0.02), despite unchanging intake (P = 0.89). Individuals with MIP were significantly less likely to carry lower (TT/CT) compared with higher (CC) activity genotypes (34.3 versus 43.3%; χ(2) 1 = 5, P = 0.03). DBH effects were confirmed [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, P = 0.04] after controlling for associated clinical variables (MD severity, OR = 3.4, P < 0.001; antisocial personality disorder, OR = 2.2, P < 0.001; alcohol dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.05; and nicotine dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.06). TT/CT carriers were more likely to initiate cigarette smoking (OR = 3.9, P = 0.003) and probably less likely to be dependent on alcohol (OR = 0.6, P = 0.05).
Conclusions: Among methamphetamine-dependent individuals, paranoia appears to occur increasingly rapidly in the course of a session of methamphetamine use. Severity of methamphetamine dependence and antisocial personality disorder predicts methamphetamine-induced paranoia. The genetic polymorphism in dopamine β-hydroxylase is associated with methamphetamine-induced paranoia and influences smoking initiation.
Keywords: DBH; gene; methamphetamine; paranoia; psychosis; smoking.
© 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.