Benzimidazole derivative, BMT-1, induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway involving H+/K+-ATPase inhibition

Oncol Rep. 2014 Jun;31(6):2743-50. doi: 10.3892/or.2014.3122. Epub 2014 Apr 2.

Abstract

2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-3-ol (BMT-1), a bicyclic compound, belongs to the benzimidazole group and consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of BMT-1 on the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and identify whether BMT-1 induces apoptosis in MM cells. Our results showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the proliferation of MM cells treated with BMT-1. Further studies revealed that the antiproliferative effects of BMT-1 were caused by induction of apoptosis with activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in MM cells. In addition, BMT-1 induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in the activation of caspase-8 and -9. Furthermore, the MM cells treated with BMT-1 showed a more acidic intracellular pH (pHi) as indicated by a lower FL1/FL2 ratio caused by inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that a decrease in pHi, caused by H+/K+-ATPase inhibition induced by BMT-1, triggered the dysfunction of the mitochondria resulting in the apoptosis of MM cells. Therefore, BMT-1 may be used as a lead compound for the design and development of new agents with which to treat MM and other forms of cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Benzimidazoles / administration & dosage*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / biosynthesis*
  • H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / genetics
  • Humans
  • Mitochondria / drug effects
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Multiple Myeloma / drug therapy*
  • Multiple Myeloma / genetics
  • Multiple Myeloma / pathology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / biosynthesis
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects

Substances

  • Benzimidazoles
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • benzimidazole
  • H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase