De novo 2q36.1q36.3 interstitial deletion involving the PAX3 and EPHA4 genes in a fetus with spina bifida and cleft palate

Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2014 Jun;100(6):507-11. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23246. Epub 2014 Apr 18.

Abstract

Background: Interstitial 2q36 deletion is a rare event. Only two previously published cases of 2q36 deletions were characterized using array-CGH. This is the first case diagnosed prenatally.

Methods: We report on the prenatal diagnosis of a 2q36.1q36.3 interstitial deletion in a fetus with facial dysmorphism, spina bifida, and cleft palate.

Results: Array-CGH analysis revealed a 5.6 Mb interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2q36.1q36.3, including the PAX3 and EPHA4 genes.

Conclusion: The present study reinforces the hypothesis that PAX3 haploinsufficiency may be associated with neural tube defects in humans and suggests that the EPHA4 gene might be implicated during palate development. This report also illustrates the added value of array-CGH to detect cryptic chromosomal imbalances in malformed fetuses and to improve genetic counseling prenatally.

Keywords: 2q36 deletion; EPHA4; PAX3; array-CGH; cleft palate; spina bifida.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Multiple / diagnosis
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / genetics*
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / pathology
  • Adult
  • Chromosome Deletion*
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2*
  • Cleft Palate / diagnosis
  • Cleft Palate / genetics*
  • Cleft Palate / pathology
  • Comparative Genomic Hybridization
  • Female
  • Fetus
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • Humans
  • Karyotyping
  • PAX3 Transcription Factor
  • Paired Box Transcription Factors / deficiency
  • Paired Box Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • Pregnancy
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Receptor, EphA4 / deficiency
  • Receptor, EphA4 / genetics*
  • Spinal Dysraphism / diagnosis
  • Spinal Dysraphism / genetics*
  • Spinal Dysraphism / pathology

Substances

  • PAX3 Transcription Factor
  • PAX3 protein, human
  • Paired Box Transcription Factors
  • Receptor, EphA4