Downregulation of WIF-1 and Wnt5a in patients with colorectal carcinoma: clinical significance

Tumour Biol. 2014 Aug;35(8):7975-82. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2015-9. Epub 2014 May 16.

Abstract

Activation of the wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is common in various human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) is a secreted antagonist that can bind Wnt ligands and therefore inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of two members of Wnt signaling (WIF-1 and Wnt5a) in Tunisian patients with sporadic CRC. WIF-1 was frequently methylated in tumor tissues (87.95 %) compared to normal mucosa (39.54 %) and correlated with distant metastasis and vascular invasion (P = 0.001 and 0.037, respectively). The unmethylated profile of the WIF-1 promoter conferred a benefit to patients in terms of overall survival (P log rank = 0.024). In addition, in the group of patients with methylated WIF-1 promoter, the overall survival rate was significantly prolonged for those with small tumor size (<5 cm) and absence of distant metastasis (P log rank = 0.007 and 0.036, respectively). Aberrant CpG methylation of the WIF-1 promoter leads to transcriptional silencing of this tumor suppressor gene in tumor tissues (P = 0.001). Furthermore, we showed that the level of Wnt5a mRNA was significantly lower in tumor compared to normal tissues (P = 0.031) and lower still in those showing more aggressive behavior (presence of lymph nodes and advanced TNM stage). Our finding supports that WIF-1 is frequently methylated and that Wnt5a acts as a tumor suppressor gene in CRC. Loss of WIF-1 and Wnt5a functions results in more aggressive behavior of the disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / genetics*
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / physiology
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / mortality
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • DNA Methylation
  • Down-Regulation
  • Female
  • Genes, Tumor Suppressor
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / physiology
  • RNA, Messenger / analysis
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics*
  • Repressor Proteins / physiology
  • Wnt Proteins / genetics*
  • Wnt Proteins / physiology
  • Wnt-5a Protein

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Repressor Proteins
  • WIF1 protein, human
  • WNT5A protein, human
  • Wnt Proteins
  • Wnt-5a Protein