Thrombin conducts epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via protease‑activated receptor‑1 in human gastric cancer

Int J Oncol. 2014 Dec;45(6):2287-94. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2651. Epub 2014 Sep 15.

Abstract

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be a key step for cancer metastasis. Using an immunohistochemical approach with gastric carcinoma tissue, we found the expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), along with a metalloproteinase known to activate PAR1, were associated with poorer prognosis, compared with expression-negative tumors, and activated PAR1 promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and proliferation in vivo. In this study we observed EMT induction by the PAR1 agonist α-thrombin, in human gastric cell lines stably expressing PAR1. We investigated α-thrombin-induced changes in the cell forms of pcDNA3.1-MKN45 (MKN45/Mock), pcDNA3.1‑PAR1 transfected MKN45 (MKN45/PAR1), and MKN74. Expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as the distribution of transcriptional factors of E-cadherin in the cytoplasm and nucleus were also noted in these cell lines. We observed α-thrombin-induced morphological changes in MKN45/PAR1 and MKN74 cells. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of these cells indicated a fall in the expression level of E-cadherin and an increase in fibronectin expression after 48 h. PAR1 activation also induced significant increases in nuclear levels of the Snail which is a repressor of E-cadherin gene expression. We found EMT in gastric cancer cell lines that underwent α-thrombin-induced PAR1 activation.

MeSH terms

  • Cadherins / biosynthesis
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / genetics*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Receptor, PAR-1 / biosynthesis*
  • Receptor, PAR-1 / genetics
  • Stomach Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology
  • Thrombin / biosynthesis
  • Thrombin / genetics*

Substances

  • Cadherins
  • Receptor, PAR-1
  • Thrombin