Background: The combination of ribavirin and pegylated interferon-α is considered the standard of care for HCV-2/3 genotypes. The immune system plays a key role in the achievement of a sustained virological response (SVR). Vitamin D seems to influence antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C and its pathway is controlled by polymorphic genes such as CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR. In this study, we have investigated the correlation among the treatment outcomes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the above-mentioned genes and IL28B genes.
Methods: A total of 112 HCV-2/3 patients treated with interferon plus ribavirin were retrospectively studied; allelic discrimination was performed by real-time PCR.
Results: CYP24A1rs2585428, IL28Brs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs affected treatment failure and body mass index (BMI), Metavir score, IL28Brs8099917TT and CYP24A1rs2585428GG were the only factors able to predict it. SVR was predicted by Metavir score, HCV RNA at baseline and early virological response (EVR). IL28Brs12979860 SNP and HCV RNA were also related to rapid virological response. EVR was predicted by BMI, Metavir score and CYP24A1rs2585428 SNP. IL28Brs8099917TT and FokITT were relapse prediction factors.
Conclusions: In addition to non-genetic factors, SNPs in the vitamin D pathway seem to have a role in HCV-2/3 therapy outcomes. This study reveals the likely usefulness of pharmacogenetic-based ribavirin and interferon therapy to help identify patients for whom therapy could be successful or not, also considering new future expensive therapy options. To date, no similar data were published on these viral genotypes, but further studies in different and bigger cohorts are needed.