Pulmonary thromboembolism following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for membranous occlusion of the inferior vena cava is reported. Scintigraphy following angioplasty showed a pulmonary perfusion defect with mild hypoxia. The patient recovered after anticoagulant therapy. Pulmonary thromboembolism may be a complication of angioplasty in patients who have membranous occlusions accompanying intracaval thrombus.