Excision of Expanded GAA Repeats Alleviates the Molecular Phenotype of Friedreich's Ataxia

Mol Ther. 2015 Jun;23(6):1055-1065. doi: 10.1038/mt.2015.41. Epub 2015 Mar 11.

Abstract

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurological disease caused by expansions of guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) repeats in intron 1 of the frataxin (FXN) gene. The expansion results in significantly decreased frataxin expression. We report that human FRDA cells can be corrected by zinc finger nuclease-mediated excision of the expanded GAA repeats. Editing of a single expanded GAA allele created heterozygous, FRDA carrier-like cells and significantly increased frataxin expression. This correction persisted during reprogramming of zinc finger nuclease-edited fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation into neurons. The expression of FRDA biomarkers was normalized in corrected patient cells and disease-associated phenotypes, such as decreases in aconitase activity and intracellular ATP levels, were reversed in zinc finger nuclease corrected neuronal cells. Genetically and phenotypically corrected patient cells represent not only a preferred disease-relevant model system to study pathogenic mechanisms, but also a critical step towards development of cell replacement therapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aconitate Hydratase / genetics
  • Aconitate Hydratase / metabolism
  • Adenine / metabolism*
  • Alleles
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases / genetics
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases / metabolism
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Friedreich Ataxia / genetics*
  • Friedreich Ataxia / therapy*
  • Genetic Therapy
  • Guanine / metabolism*
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Introns
  • K562 Cells
  • Neurons / cytology
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurons / pathology
  • Phenotype
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion*
  • Zinc Fingers

Substances

  • RNA, Messenger
  • Guanine
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases
  • Aconitate Hydratase
  • Adenine