TP53 is considered to be the most frequently mutated gene in every forms of human cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of TP53 codon 72 and 248 polymorphisms with the susceptibility and severity of bladder cancer in Bangladeshi population. A case-control study on 102 bladder cancer patients and 140 control subjects was conducted. The genotype analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The patients with Pro/Pro genotypes at 72 position were at high risk (odds ratio (OR) = 3.02; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.42 to 6.40) of developing bladder cancer. The cigarette smokers with Pro/Pro genotypes at 72 position were found to have a 3.91-fold increased risk to develop bladder cancer (OR = 3.91; 95 % CI = 1.33 to 11.5). There was no significant association of codon 248 polymorphisms with bladder cancer in the study population. Taken together, these findings indicate an association between p53 codon72 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk in Bangladeshi population.