LRP5/6 directly bind to Frizzled and prevent Frizzled-regulated tumour metastasis

Nat Commun. 2015 Apr 22:6:6906. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7906.

Abstract

How Wnt signalling including canonical and non-canonical pathways are initiated at the cell surface is not completely understood. Here we report that Wnt receptor Frizzled (Frz) and theco-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (LRP5/6) directly interact with each other and this interaction is regulated by the LRP6 ectodomain. Importantly, through direct binding to Frz, LRP5/6 are able to prevent Frz-regulated non-canonical pathway activation and further non-canonical pathway-mediated tumour metastasis. Knockdown of endogenous LRP5/6 promotes otherwise-nonaggressive tumour cells to migrate in vitro, whereas a soluble recombinant protein of LRP6 ectodomain suppresses migration and metastasis of otherwise-aggressive tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression level of membrane LRP5/6 correlates inversely with metastasis in mouse and human breast cancer. Our study suggests a previously unrecognized mode of receptor interaction, revealing the mechanism of LRP5/6 in inhibition of non-canonical pathway, and a possible clinical use of the LRP6 ectodomain to impede metastasis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Cell Movement / genetics*
  • Frizzled Receptors / metabolism*
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 / genetics*
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 / genetics*
  • Mice
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / genetics

Substances

  • Frizzled Receptors
  • LRP5 protein, human
  • LRP6 protein, human
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6
  • Lrp5 protein, mouse
  • Lrp6 protein, mouse