Apolipoprotein C-III: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacology

Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Oct;36(10):675-687. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.07.001.

Abstract

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) has a critical role in the metabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Animal models lacking the APOC3 gene exhibit reduced plasma TG levels, whereas the overexpression of APOC3 leads to increased TG levels. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 are associated with reduced plasma TG levels and reduced risk for ischemic vascular disease and coronary heart disease. Several hypolipidemic agents have been shown to reduce apoC-III, including fibrates and statins, and antisense technology aimed at inhibiting APOC3 mRNA to decrease the production of apoC-III is currently in Phase III of clinical development. Here, we review the pathophysiological role of apoC-III in TG metabolism and the evidence supporting this apolipoprotein as an emerging target for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and associated cardiovascular disorders.

Keywords: Triglycerides; coronary heart disease; lipoprotein lipase; remnant lipoproteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apolipoprotein C-III / genetics
  • Apolipoprotein C-III / metabolism*
  • Coronary Disease / genetics*
  • Coronary Disease / metabolism
  • Coronary Disease / therapy
  • Genetic Therapy*
  • Humans
  • Lipid Metabolism

Substances

  • Apolipoprotein C-III