Essential facts Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in various parts of the body. Its annual incidence is estimated at one in 20,000. Although there is no cure, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help to control the symptoms, preventing damage to vital organs. In addition, there are other types of lupus that affect the skin, including discoid lupus erythematosus and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.