Introduction: Transient cerebellar mutism has been well recognized in literature as a complication of posterior fossa tumor resection. It is marked by profound impairment of fluency, articulation, and modulation of speech, irritability and autistic features and typically resolves within days to months. Underlying pathophysiology is debated, but currently unknown.
Methods: We present a case of a child with similar clinical findings after cerebellitis, demonstration of diffuse cerebellar signal changes, swelling, and protruding tonsils at the level of foramen magnum.
Discussion: To support the hypothesis that this clinical syndrome may occur in a non-surgical context, we present a review of literature of non-surgical transient cerebellar mutism.
Keywords: Cerebellar; Cerebellitis; Mutism; Transient.