Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic disease that mainly affects patients with a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity, especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The incidence of PCP in these patients has declined substantially owing to the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and PCP prophylaxis. However, PCP is still a major AIDS-related opportunistic infection, particularly in patients with advanced immunosuppression in whom human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains undiagnosed or untreated. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PCP in patients with HIV-1 infection are addressed in this review.
Keywords:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Human immunodeficiency virus; Opportunistic infection; Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Copyright © 2019 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
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Biomarkers / blood
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HIV Infections / complications*
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HIV Infections / diagnosis
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV Infections / therapy
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HIV-1*
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Humans
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Immunity, Cellular
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L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / blood
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Mucin-1 / blood
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Opportunistic Infections / complications*
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Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis
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Opportunistic Infections / prevention & control
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Opportunistic Infections / therapy
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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / complications*
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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / diagnosis
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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / prevention & control
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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / therapy
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / administration & dosage
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Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / adverse effects
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Biomarkers
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MUC1 protein, human
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Mucin-1
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Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
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L-Lactate Dehydrogenase